Clinical profile and Histopathological spectrum of Interface Dermatitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21276/apalm.2509Keywords:
Interface Dermatitis (IFD), Dermo-epidermal junction (DEJ), Lichenoid infiltrate, Lichenoid tissue reaction (LTR)Abstract
Background- Interface Dermatitis is an etiologically diverse and poorly understood group of skin diseases characterized by pathology at the dermo-epidermal junction. The prototype disease is Lichen Planus but there are many other disease entities that exhibit Lichenoid tissue reaction / Interface changes.
Aims- To study the clinical profile and Histopathological spectrum of Interface Dermatitis.
Materials & Methods- This was a prospective study conducted at a tertiary care hospital over a period of eighteen months. A total of Ninety-eight cases clinically suggestive of diseases believed to show interface changes on histology were studied. Clinical details were recorded. Skin biopsies were taken from representative lesions. H&E stained sections were studied in detail for diagnosis and subtyping. Analysis was done in percentages and proportions.
Results- Fifty-three cases (54%) showed IFD on histopathological examination. The most common age range was between 11-40 years and both the sexes were equally affected. Majority of the cases clinically presented as papules and plaques. The most common type of IFD were LP and its variants (52.1%). The most consistent microscopic findings were vacuolar degeneration of basal layer, pigment incontinence and inflammatory infiltrate around DEJ and blood vessels.
Conclusions- IFD includes various diseases which have overlapping clinical as well as histopathological features. A detailed histopathological examination and correlation of the interface changes with clinical diagnosis is helpful in arriving at a definitive diagnosis which is essential for predicting the course of the disease and its optimal management.
References
2. Fitzpatrick JE. New histopathologic findings in drug eruptions. Dermatol Clin, 1992;10:19-36.
3. Joshi R. Interface dermatitis. Indian J dermatol Venereol & Leprol 2013;79:349-59.
4. Tilly JJ, Drolet BA, Esterly NB. Lichenoid eruptions in children. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004;51:606-24.
5. Sehgal VN, Srivastava G, Sharma S, Sehgal S, Verma P. Lichenoid tissue reaction/Interface dermatitis: Recognition, classification, etiology and clinicopathological overtunes. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2011;77:418-30.
6. Jyothi AR, Shweta SJ, Sharmila PS, Dhaval P, Mahantachar V,T Rajaram. Lichenoid Tissue Reaction/Interface dermatitis: A Histopathological Study. Int Journal of Medical & Applied sciences 2013;2:76-89.
7. Chauhan R, Srinath MK, Ali MN, Bhat MR, Sukumar D. Clinicopathological Study of Lichenoid Reactions: A Retrospective Analysis. Journal of Evolution of medical & dental sciences 2015;4:5551-62.
8. Banushree CS, Nagarajappa AH, Dayananda SB, Sacchidanand S. Clinico-Pathological Study of Lichenoid Eruptions of Skin. J Pharm Biomed Sci 2012;25:226-30.
9. Kumar UM, Yelikar BR, Inamadar AC, Umesh S, Singhal A, Kushtagi AV. Clinico-pathological study of lichenoid tissue reactions – a tertiary care experience. J Clin Diagn Res 2013;7:312-16.
10. Crowson AN, Magro CM, Mihm M Jr. Interface dermatitis. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2008;132:652–66.
11. Alsaad KO, Ghazarian D. My approach to superficial inflammatory dermatoses. J Clin Pathol 2005;58:1233-41.
12. Nasreen S, Ahmed I, Wahid Z. Associations of lichen planus: A study of 63 cases. Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatologists 2007;17:17-20.
13. Kachhawa D, Kachhawa V, Kalla G, Gupta L. A clinico-aetiological profile of 375 cases of lichen planus. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 1995;61:276-9.
14. Knackstedt TJ, Collins LK, Li Z, Yan S, Samie FH. Squamous Cell Carcinoma Arising in Hypertrophic Lichen Planus: A Review and Analysis of 38 Cases. Dermatol Surg 2015;41:1411-8.
15. Boyd AS, Neldmar KH. Non Infectious Erythematous, Papular and Squamous diseases. In: Elder DE, Murphy GF, Elenitsas R, Johnson BL, Xu X, editors. Levers Histopathology of the skin, 10th edition. India: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009.p.185-97.
16. Alahlafi AM, Wordsworth P, Lakasing L, Davies D, Wojnarowska F. The basement membrane zone in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: immunofluorescence studies in the skin, kidney and amniochorion. Lupus 2004;13:594-600.
17. Weyers W, Metze D. Histopathology of drug eruptions – general criteria, common patterns, and differential diagnosis. Dermatol Pract Concept 2011;1:33-47.
18. Kirtschig G. Lichen Sclerosus—Presentation, Diagnosis and Management. Deutsches Ärzteblatt International 2016;113:337-43.
19. Carlson JA, Lamb P, Malfetano J. Clinicopathologic comparison of vulvar and extragenital lichen sclerosus: histologic variants, evolving lesions, and etiology of 141 cases. Mod Pathol. 1998;11:844-54.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2019 Kaira Kriti, Azad Sheenam, Bisht Jeetendra S, Kumar Rajnish
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access at http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html).
