Semen Analysis: An Update

  • Tummidi Santosh Department of Pathology, AIIMS, Kalyani, W.B.
Keywords: Semen, Infertility, Male factors, Basic evaluation, Index

Abstract

Male factor for infertility is responsible in 50% of cases. In recent times there has been a significant deterioration in semen quality due to various lifestyle factors. In the year 2021 WHO has released the 6th ed. of semen analysis manual. The main highlight of the edition is to provide a step-by-step guide for the evaluation of the semen sample for calculation and interpretation of results.

References

Cooper TG, Noonan E, Eckardstein S, Auger J, Gordon Baker HW, Behre HM. World Health Organization reference values for human semen characteristics. Human Reproduction Update 2010;16(3):231–245.

Jeelani R, Bluth MH. Reproductive Function and Pregnancy. In Mc Pherson RA, Pinicus MR, ed. Henry's Clinical diagnosis and management by laboratory methods, 23rd ed. China: Elsevier; 2017.

World Health Organization. WHO Laboratory Manual for the Examination and Processing of Human Semen 6th ed. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2021

Mishra P, Negi MPS, Srivastava M, Singh K, Rajender S. Decline in seminal quality in Indian men over the last 37 years. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology 2018; 16:103-11.

Jones DM, Kovacs GT, Harrison L, Jennings MG, Baker HW. Immobilization of sperm by condoms and their components. Clin Reprod Fertil. 1986;4(6):367-72.

Anamthathmakula P, Winuthayanon W. Mechanism of semen liquefaction and its potential for a novel non-hormonal contraception†. Biol Reprod. 2020;103(2):411-426.

Vasan SS. Semen analysis and sperm function tests: How much to test? Indian J Urol. 2011;27(1):41-8.

Berger GK, Smith-Harrison LI, Sandlow JI. Sperm agglutination: Prevalence and contributory factors. Andrologia. 2019;51(5):e13254.

Baskaran S, Finelli R, Agarwal A, Henkel R. Diagnostic value of routine semen analysis in clinical andrology. Andrologia. 2021;53(2):e13614

Menkveld R. Sperm morphology assessment using strict (tygerberg) criteria. Methods Mol Biol. 2013;927:39-50

Gatimel N, Moreau J, Parinaud J, Léandri RD. Sperm morphology: assessment, pathophysiology, clinical relevance, and state of the art in 2017. Andrology. 2017;5(5):845-862.

Talwar P, Hayatnagarkar S. Sperm function test. J Hum Reprod Sci. 2015;8(2):61-9.

J. Auger, F. Eustache, A.G. Andersen, D.S. Irvine, N. Jørgensen, N.E. Skakkebæk, J. Suominen, J. Toppari, M. Vierula, P. Jouannet, Sperm morphological defects related to environment, lifestyle and medical history of 1001 male partners of pregnant women from four European cities. Human Reproduction 2001; 16(12):2710–2717.

Published
02-08-2023
Section
Review Article