Varicella Zoster Complicated By Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation: Clinico-Pathological Correlation Of A Rare Clinical Manifestation Of A Benign Disease
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3285Keywords:
Chickenpox, disseminated intravascular coagulation, varicella zoster virus infectionAbstract
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV) infections are considered to be mild and ubiquitous infections predominantly affecting the pediatric population. However, in adults and immunocompromised patients, this apparently benign self-limiting course can have protean complications with a rapidly downhill course. We present a rare case report of a young individual with a probably compromised immune system who had a fulminant VZV infection complicated with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) resulting in death.
References
Government of India, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. National Health Profile of India 2019. New Delhi.
Arvin A. Varicella-zoster virus. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1996;9(3):361-81.
Lee S, Ito N, Inagaki T, Okajima T, Muramatsu A, Ito Y, et al. Fulminant Varicella Infection Complicated with Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome, and Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in an Immunocompetent Young Adult. Intern Med. 2004;43(12):1205-9.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Varicella. In: Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases. Atlanta, GA: CDC; 2007. p. 159–175.
Sudheer P, Balkhair A, Krishnan R. Fulminant Varicella Zoster Infection with Multiorgan Involvement: A Case Report. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2008;8(3):339-43.
Hollenstein U, Thalhammer F, Burgmann H. Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and rhabdomyolysis in fulminant varicella infection—Case report and review of the literature. Infection. 1998;26(5):306-8.
Gupta S, Kaleekal T, Joshi S. Misuse of corticosteroids in some of the drugs dispensed as preparations from alternative systems of medicine in India. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2000;9(7):599-602.
Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices. Prevention of varicella: recommendations. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2007;56(4):1-40.
Anderson D, Schwartz J, Hunter N. Varicella Hepatitis: A Fatal Case in a Previously Healthy, Immunocompetent Adult. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154(18):2101–6.
Houensteim U, Thaihammer E, Burgmann H. Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) and Rhabdomyolysis in Fulminant Varicella Infection. Infection. 1998;26(5):306-8.
Tucciarone L, Tomassini A, Colasanti A, Sabbi T, Iacobini M, El Hachem M. Disseminated intravascular coagulation in chickenpox. Report of a case in a child. Minerva Pediatr. 2001 Dec;53(6):581–6.
Lee S, Ito N, Inagaki T, Okajima T, Muramatsu A, Ito Y, et al. Fulminant varicella infection complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome, and disseminated intravascular coagulation in an immunocompetent young adult. Intern Med. 2004;43(12):1205–9.
Sudheer, Ahamed PS, Balkhair A, Krishnan R. Fulminant Varicella Zoster Infection with Multiorgan Involvement. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J. 2008;8:339-43.
Hagiya H, Kimura M, Miyamoto T, Otsuka F. Systemic varicella-zoster virus infection in two critically ill patients in an intensive care unit. Virol J. 2013;10.
Salunke AS, Belgaumkar VA, Chavan RB, Tharewal SS. Cyclophosphamide and varicella zoster virus induced disseminated intravascular coagulopathy with fatal outcome. Int J Res Dermatol. 2017 May 22;3(2):303.
Sahay RR, Yadav PD, Majumdar T, Patil S, Sarkale P, Shete AM, et al. Clinico-epidemiological investigation on Varicella Zoster Virus indicates multiple clade circulation in Maharashtra state, India. Heliyon. 2018:e00757.
Furuto Y, Kawamura M, Namikawa A, Takahashi H, Shibuya Y. Successful management of visceral disseminated varicella zoster virus infection during treatment of membranous nephropathy: A case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 15;19(1).
Zhang W, Ruan QL, Yan F, Hu YK. Fatal hemorrhagic varicella in a patient with abdominal pain: A case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Jan 17;20(1).
Bastard P, Galerne A, Lefevre-Utile A, Briand C, Baruchel A, Durand P, et al. Different Clinical Presentations and Outcomes of Disseminated Varicella in Children With Primary and Acquired Immunodeficiencies. Front Immunol. 2020 Nov 5;11.
Vassia V, Croce A, Ravanini P, Leutner M, Saglietti C, Fangazio S, et al. Unusual presentation of fatal disseminated varicella zoster virus infection in a patient with lupus nephritis: A case report. BMC Infect Dis. 2020 Jul 23;20(1).
Wang D, Wang JQ, Tao XG. Fatal visceral disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection in a renal transplant recipient: A case report. World J Clin Cases. 2021;9(30):9168–73.
Takahashi Y, Hara S, Hoshiba R, Hibino S, Ito K, Zoshima T, et al. Pneumonia and central nervous system infection caused by reactivation of varicella-zoster virus in a living-donor kidney transplantation patient: case report and review of the literature. CEN Case Rep. 2021 Aug 1;10(3):370–7.
Kuwano K, Ota Y, Tsuji K, Torigoe K, Yamashita A, Muta K, et al. An Autopsy Case of Disseminated Varicella Zoster Virus Infection during the Treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome. Intern Med. 2022;61(4):571–6.
Jiang J, Liao K, Guo H, Chen XY. Varicella-associated disseminated intravascular coagulation secondary to Henoch-Schönlein purpura with renal and gastrointestinal system involvement in a child: A case report. Medicine (United States). 2023 Nov 17;102(46).
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 KV Vinu Balraam, Nitin Sagar Taneja, Seema Sharma, Toyaja M Jadhav, Alok D Sen
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:
- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access at http://opcit.eprints.org/oacitation-biblio.html).