Evaluation of Clinical and Cytological Profile of Breast Lesions at Tertiary Care Hospital, Bhavnagar

Abstract

Background Breast lump is the common presentation of various breast lesions. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is becoming popular as screening and diagnostic method for breast lesions due to its high sensitivity, specificity, low expenditure, conveniency and safety. The aim is to evaluate the demographic distribution and cytological diagnosis of breast lesions and correlate cytological diagnosis with histopathological diagnosis. Methods The present retrospective study was conducted on patients of breast lesion at Cytology Section, Pathology Department of Sir T General Hospital, Bhavnagar from 1st July 2021 to 30th June 2022. Data of FNAC findings of breast lump lesions from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2020 was collected from reporting registers and statistical analysis was done. Result Data of 284 cases was available. Of which, 208 (73.23%) cases were diagnosed as benign of which Fibroadenoma was the most common, found in 116 (40.8%) cases with majority of the patients in 21- 40 year age group. Malignant lesions were found in 76 (26.76%) cases, of which Ductal carcinoma was the most common with 52 (18.30%) cases. Data of 64 cases were available for histopathological correlation. Sensitivity of FNAC was found to be 97.36% and specificity 100%. Conclusion As FNAC is a simple, easy, OPD based, cost effective procedure with high accuracy in diagnosis of breast lumps it should be used as preliminary investigation for early diagnosis of malignant lesions which can significantly reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with malignancy.