Unveiling the Spectrum: Pathological Perspectives on Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3351Keywords:
Neuroendocrine neoplasm, biopsy, grading, pathology spectrumAbstract
Background
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) account for only 0.5% of all malignancies. The incidence is approximately 2 per 100,000 with a female preponderance under the age of 50 years. The main primary sites are the gastrointestinal tract (62-67%) and lungs (22-27%). In the last decade, the incidence has been rising, which might be due to more awareness, improved diagnostic tools, or a change in definition. Neuroendocrine neoplasms are sporadic, but association with the MEN1 syndrome and clustering within families is known. The 5-year survival is mainly associated with the stage of disease: 93% in local disease, 74% in regional disease, and 19% in metastatic disease.
Method
Biopsies received in the Department of Pathology, B.J. Medical College, Ahmedabad over the past 2 years were included. Biopsies were fixed and processed by routine paraffin method, stained by H&E, and also immunohistochemistry was performed.
Results
A total of 50 cases were received, with about 56% males and 44% females, with a median age of 50 years. In our study, most of the tumors were found in the gastro-entero-pancreatic system, followed by the breast and broncho-pulmonary group. NENs were graded based on mitotic count. In total, 12 had G1 grade, 15 had G2 grade, 22 had G3 grade, and 1 was placed in the NEC category. Lymph node or distant site metastasis was not found in any of the cases.
Conclusion
According to our study, the age of presentation of NENs is in the 5th to 6th decade, and the majority occur in the GEP group. Grading of NEN should be carried out according to the latest WHO criteria and is crucial for prognosis and management of patients.
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