DNA Ploidy Analysis in Acute Leukemia by Flow Cytometry

Authors

  • Monika Gupta Department of Pathology, Pt B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India
  • Shivani Singhal Department of Pathology, Pt B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India
  • Sujata Kumari SP Prasad Department of Pathology, Pt B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India
  • Sunita Singh Department of Pathology, Pt B.D. Sharma PGIMS, Rohtak, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3382

Keywords:

Acute Leukemia, DNA ploidy, Flowcytometry

Abstract

Background: The detection of chromosomal abnormalities holds significant diagnostic and prognostic value in acute leukemia. While cytogenetics is the standard technique for evaluating ploidy, it is a tedious and labor-intensive process compared to flow cytometry. Flow cytometric determination of leukemic cell DNA content reflects the proliferative index of blast cells. This technique is rapid, cost-effective, sensitive, easy to perform, independent of the tumor's proliferation state, and applicable to nearly all hematological malignancies.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted to determine DNA ploidy in all acute leukemia cases using flow cytometry over a one-year period. A total of 53 new acute leukemia cases were diagnosed based on morphology, special stains, and immunophenotyping. The DNA index was then correlated with other clinico-hematological parameters.

Results: In our study, the overall incidence of aneuploidy was 32.07%, with 24% being hyperdiploid and 8% hypoploid. The majority of the aneuploid cases were male (58.8%), while diploid cases showed a female preponderance. We observed that acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients with hyperdiploidy demonstrated favorable prognostic factors (i.e., clinico-hematological parameters), whereas hypoploidy was associated with poorer prognostic factors. In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients, hyperdiploidy was linked to poor prognostic factors.

Conclusion: We recommend that each newly diagnosed case be analyzed by flow cytometry, in addition to karyotyping, for early identification of patients who may benefit from conventional induction therapy.

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Published

13-11-2024

How to Cite

1.
Gupta M, Singhal S, Prasad SKS, Singh S. DNA Ploidy Analysis in Acute Leukemia by Flow Cytometry. Ann of Pathol and Lab Med [Internet]. 2024 Nov. 13 [cited 2024 Dec. 5];11(11):A305-312. Available from: https://pacificejournals.com/journal/index.php/apalm/article/view/3382

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