Secondary Haematological Cancers in Adults: A Single Centre Experience
Keywords:
Second primary malignancy, Second cancers, Second Leukaemia’s, Secondary haematological cancers
Abstract
Introduction: Advances in early detection and treatment mean that more and more people are surviving cancer today. Increased long-term survival seen in patients with solid and hematologic cancers achieved as a result of aggressive chemo radiotherapy has come at a price. Some cancer survivors may develop a new, unrelated cancer later. This is called a second cancer. Reasons for second cancers are varied. Field cancerization, shared environment, familial syndromes, Radiation and Chemotherapy are among the few risk factors affecting the risk of secondary cancers. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukaemia and secondary non-Hodgkin lymphoma has been frequently documented in these patient cohorts. We aim to study the prevalence as well as analyse the factors involved in secondary haematological cancers in our subset of patients.Methods: This Cross sectional descriptive study was taken up in Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad. This is a 5 year observational study. We analysed all patients presenting to the Department of pathology, Apollo Hospitals during the period 2010 to 2015.Results: Total 4 cases of Second cancers were documented in our study. Out of which 2 cases were acute myeloid leukaemias and both of them had history of treatment with alkylating agents. The other 2 cases were diagnosed to have secondary Multiple myeloma. Of the patient presenting with multiple myeloma one of them had history of prior Renal cell carcinoma Conclusion: Assessment of the risk of second leukaemia should become part of any therapeutic plan for cancer patients. Chemo is known to be a greater risk factor then radiation. Avoidance of drugs with more leukemogenic potential will reduce the occurrence of second leukaemias. It is also important to understand the possibility of a correlation between renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma. Field cancerization and increased cytokine expression probably could play an important role in these second cancers. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1531References
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25.Hauner H. Secretory factors from human adipose tissue and their functional role. Proc Nutr Soc 2005; 64: 163–9.
26.Morton, LM, Onel, K, Curtis, RE, Hungate, EA, and Armstrong, GT. The rising incidence of second cancers: patterns of occurrence and identification of risk factors for children and adults. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2014; 2014: e57–e67.
2.Travis LB. The epidemiology of second primary cancers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev.2006;15.
3.Howlader N, Noone A, Krapcho M, et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975-2010. National Cancer Institute. http://seer.cancer.gov/csr/ 1975_2010/. Accessed April 2013.
4.Siegel R, DeSantis C, Virgo K, et al. Cancer treatment and survivorship statistics. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62:220-241.
5.Morton LM, Chanock SJ. A step toward slaying the hydra of second cancers. Nat Med. 2011;17:924-925.
6.Robison LL, Armstrong GT, Boice JD, et al. The Childhood Cancer Survivor Study: a National Cancer Institute-supported resource for outcome and intervention research. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27:2308-2318.
7.Levi F, Te VC, Randimbison L, et al: Cancer risk in woman with previous breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2003;14:71-73.
8.Curtis RE, Boice JD Jr, Stovall M, et al: Risk of leukemia after chemotherapy and radiation treatment for breast cancer. N Engl J Med 1992;326:1745-1751.
9.Tomono H, Fujioka S, Kato K, Yoshida K, Nimura Y. Multiple myeloma mimicking bone metastasis from breast cancer: report of a case. Surg Today. 1998;28(12):1304-6.
10.Pruneri, G., Ginieri, S., Peccatori, F., et al. Plasma Cell Myeloma Coexisting With Metastatic Breast Carcinoma in the Bone Marrow. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:232-233.
11. Marinopoulos S, Skorda L, Karatapanis S, Rasidakis A. Multiple myeloma emerging after chemotherapy for non-small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2008; 25:415-418.
12.Hingmire S, Hingmire S, Bakshi A, Gujaral S, Badwe R, Nair R. Multiple myeloma mimicking bone metastasis in a patient of carcinoma breast. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol 2008;29:53-5.
13.Mubarak M. Renal cell carcinoma and plasma cell myeloma: Coincidence or true association? Urology Annals. 2014;6(3):256-257.
14.Badros A, Karakunnel J, Dawson N. Multiple myeloma and renal cell carcinoma possible association. Leuk Lymphoma. 2007;48:1662–4. [PubMed: 17701606]
15.Choueiri TK, Baz RC, McFadden CM, Khasawneh M, Karam MA, Kelly M, et al. An association between renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma: A case series and clinical implications. BJU Int. 2008;101:712–5.
16.Ozturk MA, Dane F, Kaygusuz I, Asmaz O, Uzay A, Bayik M, et al. Synchronous renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma: Report of two cases and review of the literature. J BUON. 2009;14:511–4.
17. Bhandari MS, Mazumder A, Jagannath S, Vesole DH. Association between renal cell carcinoma and plasma cell dyscrasias: A case series of six patients. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2008;8:188–90. [PubMed: 18650185]
18.Ojha RP, Evans EL, Felini MJ, Singh KP, Thertulien R. The association between renal cell carcinoma and multiple myeloma: Insights from population-based data. BJU Int. 2011;108:825–30.
19.Padhi S, Sahoo PK, Banerjee D, Ghosh RN. Renal cell carcinoma and plasma cell myeloma: unique association and clinical implications. Urol Ann. 2014;6:252–6.
20.Hov H, Tian E, Holien T et al. c-Met signaling promotes IL-6-induced myeloma cell proliferation. Eur J Haematol 2009; 82: 277–87.
21.Alexander DD, Mink PJ, Adami HO et al. Multiple myeloma: a review of the epidemiologic literature. Int J Cancer 2007; 120 (Suppl. 12): 40–61.
22.Moore LE, Wilson RT, Campleman SL. Lifestyle factors, exposures, genetic susceptibility, and renal cell cancer risk: a review. Cancer Invest 2005; 23: 240–55
23.Sakai A, Kawano M, Kuramoto A. Interleukin-6 produced by renal-cell carcinoma cells and progression of multiple myeloma. N Engl J Med. 1991;324:1893–4.[PubMed: 2041555]
24.Eder K, Baffy N, Falus A, Fulop AK. The major inflammatory mediator interleukin-6 and obesity. Inflamm Res 2009; 58: 727–36.
25.Hauner H. Secretory factors from human adipose tissue and their functional role. Proc Nutr Soc 2005; 64: 163–9.
26.Morton, LM, Onel, K, Curtis, RE, Hungate, EA, and Armstrong, GT. The rising incidence of second cancers: patterns of occurrence and identification of risk factors for children and adults. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book. 2014; 2014: e57–e67.
Published
27-10-2017
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