Comparison of Papanicolaou and Acridine Orange stains in the diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection in vaginal discharge
Keywords:
Trichomonas vaginalis, Papanicolaou stain, Acridine Orange stain, fluorescence
Abstract
Background: Trichomonas vaginalis is the most common cause of vaginitis. Diagnosis based on clinical presentation is often inaccurate.Clinical presentation with adjuvant laboratory evidence of trichomoniasis is required for the confirmation of the diagnosis and initiation of therapy.The aim of the present study was to compare the sensitivity and specificity of rapid staining Acridine Orange method for detection of trichomonas vaginalis infection with the routinely employed Papanicolaou staining.Methods: Vaginal swab smears were prepared from 300 patients attending gynaecology outpatients’ clinic of S.S.G. Hospital, Vadodara with complain of abnormal vaginal discharge. The prospective study was conducted over a period of two years (from January’ 98 to December’ 99). The Papanicolaou and Acridine Orange stained smears were screened for presence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection.Results: In the present study, the incidence of Trichomonas vaginalis infection was 12.3%. Considering Papanicolaou stain as standard, the sensitivity and specificity of Acridine Orange (AO) stain for detection of T. vaginalis was 92.8% and 93.01% respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 74.2% and 99.2%, while false positive and false negative valuesare 3% and 0.66% respectively. Conclusion: Trichomonas vaginalis infection is a sexually transmitted disease of the reproductive age group, which needs to be timely diagnosed to prevent its adverse effects. The rapidity, ease and reliability of Acridine Orange stain justify its use in routine laboratory diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection. DOI: 10.21276/APALM.1592References
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15.Hussein AH, Saleh MH, Nagaty IM, Ghieth KA, El-Azab NA. Prevalence, Clinical Criteria and Sociodemographic Predictors of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Suspected Egyptian Women, Using Direct Diagnostic Techniques. Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2015;10(3):432-40.
2.Khatoon R, Jahan N, Khan HM, Rabbani T, Ahmad S. Evaluation of Different Staining Techniques in the Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Females of Reproductive Age Group. J Clin Diagn Res.. 2014 Dec;8(12):DC05-8.
3.Menezes CB, Frasson AP, Tasca T. Trichomoniasis - are we giving the deserved attention to the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease worldwide? Microb Cell. 2016 Sep 5;3(9):404–19.
4.Sood S, Kapil A. An update on Trichomonas vaginalis. Indian J Sex Transm Dis. 2008;29(1):7-14.
5.Schwebke JR, Burgess D. Trichomoniasis. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2004 Oct;17(4):794–803.
6.Preethi V, Mandal J, Halder A, Parija SC. Trichomoniasis: An update. Tropical Parasitology. 2011;1(2):73-75.
7.Nassef NA, Afif AF, Bauni AA, Abo El-Nasr MF, Atia AF. Evaluation of microscopy and polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of symptomatic and asymptomatic female trichomoniasis. 2014;7(1):37-46.
8.McClelland RS, Sangare L, Hassan WM, Lavreys L, Mandaliya K, Kiarie J, Ndinya-Achola J, Jaoko W, Baeten JM. Infection with Trichomonas vaginalis increases the risk of HIV-1 acquisition. J Infect Dis. 2007 Mar 1;195(5):698-702.
9.Karaman U, Karadag N, Atambay NB, Kaya A, Daldal NU. A comparison of Cytological and Parasitological Methods in the Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis. Turkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi. 2008;32(4):309-12.
10.Klinger EV, Kapiga SH, Sam NE, Aboud S, Chen CY, Ballard RC, Larsen U. A Community-based study of risk factors for Trichomonas vaginalis infection among women and their male partners in Moshi urban district, northern Tanzania. Sex Transm Dis. 2006 Dec;33(12):712-8.
11.Rassjo EB, Kambugu F, Tumwesigye MN, Tenywa T, Darj E. Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among adolescents in Kampala, Uganda, and theoretical models for improving syndromic management. J Adolesc Health. 2006 Mar;38(3):213-21.
12.Menezes CB, Mello MS, Tasca T. Comparison of permanent staining methods for the laboratory diagnosis of Trichomoniasis. REV Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 2016; 58:5.
13.Khamees SS. Prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis among women in Albatnan District. Int. J. of Pharm. & Life Sci. 2012 Dec;3(12):2177-80.
14.Radonjic IV, Dzamic AM, Mitrovic SM, Arsic Arsenijevic VS, Popadic DM, Kranjcic Zec IF. Diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis infection: The sensitivities and specificities of microscopy, culture and PCR assay. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Repord Biol. 2006 May 1;126(1):116-20.
15.Hussein AH, Saleh MH, Nagaty IM, Ghieth KA, El-Azab NA. Prevalence, Clinical Criteria and Sociodemographic Predictors of Trichomonas vaginalis Infection in Suspected Egyptian Women, Using Direct Diagnostic Techniques. Iranian Journal of Parasitology. 2015;10(3):432-40.
Published
22-12-2017
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