Microbial Spectrum in Adult Sepsis and Its Correlation with Neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) Expression: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Centre

Rahul Kanungo; Surekha B. Hippargi

doi:10.21276/apalm.3472

Authors

Rahul Kanungo Department of Pathology, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India
Surekha B. Hippargi Department of Pathology, BLDE (Deemed to be University), Shri B.M. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Vijayapura, Karnataka, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3472

Keywords:

cd64, sepsis, flow cytometry, neutrophils, bacteria, microbe

Abstract

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening condition caused by a dysregulated host response to infection, with significant morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Early identification of causative microorganisms and biomarkers is critical in managing sepsis. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is known to be the most common, with a global pooled prevalence of 14.69%. This cross-sectional study evaluates the microbial spectrum in adult sepsis and the correlation with neutrophil CD64 (nCD64) expression.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted over 18 months and included 94 adult patients clinically suspected of sepsis at a tertiary care center in Vijayapura. Blood samples were analyzed for nCD64 expression using flow cytometry, and blood culture sensitivity tests were performed. Statistical analysis was used to assess the correlation between microbial isolates and CD64 expression levels.

Results: Of the 94 patients, 62.8% had positive cultures, with MRSA (27.1%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (20.3%) being the most prevalent. nCD64 expression was significantly higher in culture-positive cases, particularly in Gram-negative infections (p = 0.001). These findings highlight the utility of nCD64 as a diagnostic and prognostic marker in managing sepsis.

Conclusion: The study demonstrates a strong correlation between neutrophil CD64 expression and microbial isolates in adult sepsis patients, particularly with Gram-negative microorganisms. Higher nCD64 expression levels are indicative of bacterial infections, especially Gram-negative bacterial infections, thus making it a useful diagnostic biomarker in sepsis detection.

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