The Evolving Role of Cyclin D1 as a Biological Surrogate for Differentiation and Hormone Receptor Status in Breast Carcinoma

Abhishek Verma; Manisha Sharma; Manas Madan; Karamjit Singh Gill

doi:10.21276/apalm.3885

Authors

Abhishek Verma Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Amritsar, India
Manisha Sharma Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Amritsar, India
Manas Madan Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Amritsar, India
Karamjit Singh Gill Department of Pathology, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences & Research, Amritsar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21276/apalm.3885

Keywords:

cyclin D1, breast carcinoma, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, immunohistochemistry

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer in India often presents with aggressive characteristics and high mortality. Cyclin D1 is a critical regulator of the G1/S phase transition and is emerging as a significant biomarker.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of 52 mastectomy specimens was conducted. Histological grading (Nottingham modification) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for ER, PR, Her2Neu, and Cyclin D1 were performed.

Result: Cyclin D1 positivity was observed in 51.9% of cases. A highly significant positive correlation was found between Cyclin D1 expression and ER status (p < 0.001) and PR status (p < 0.001). Conversely, Cyclin D1 showed a strong inverse correlation with histological grade (p = 0.002); Grade III tumors were significantly more likely to be Cyclin D1 negative. No significant correlation was found with age, tumor size, or lymph node status.

Conclusion: Cyclin D1 serves as a molecular hallmark of differentiation in breast cancer, being robustly maintained in hormone-dependent, lower-grade tumors and lost in aggressive, de-differentiated phenotypes.

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